Aquí "gas" se refiere a gases de combustión (productos de quemar metano, biogás, hidrógeno, etc.). Aunque similar al ciclo de aire, el gas real tiene composición variable y calores específicos que cambian con la temperatura.
Problema: Compresor: relación de presiones 12, temperatura ambiente 300 K. Temperatura entrada turbina 1200 K. Usa aire estándar (( \gamma=1.4, c_p=1.005 )). Halla trabajo neto y rendimiento.
Solución:
Part 1: The Blackout
The floating city of Azura was silent. For the first time in a century, its turbines had stopped. The great lithium cores, dug from the deep mines of the Southern Rift, had finally been depleted. Children shivered in the cold, and the vertical farms withered under artificial lights that no longer shone.
Elena, a young but disgraced engineer, stared at the dead dials in the Central Energy Hub. “We were fools,” she muttered. “We chased the most powerful fuel, but forgot the most reliable.”
The Council gave her an ultimatum: find a new energy source in seven days, or Azura would be abandoned to the clouds.
Part 2: The Library of Forgotten Engines
Deep in the city’s submerged lower levels, Elena found a dusty terminal labeled “Solucionario Termodinámico” (Thermodynamic Solution Manual). It wasn’t a new technology—it was a collection of ancient principles, each solving a specific problem.
She opened the first chapter: Vapor.
Solucionario 1: The Steam Solution. Problem: Intermittent solar heat or waste heat from industry. Answer: Rankine Cycle. Use a parabolic mirror to concentrate sunlight onto a boiler. Water turns to high-pressure steam, expands through a turbine, then condenses back to water in a cooled loop.
Elena raided the city’s old waste incinerator. She built a curved mirror from salvaged glass and aluminum. When the sun hit the boiler, the water hissed, screamed, and spun a small turbine. Lights flickered on in one district. Solution one: working. energia mediante vapor aire o gas solucionario work
Part 3: The Second Night
But the sun did not shine forever. On the second night, the lights died again. The Council grew angry.
Elena returned to the Solucionario. Chapter two: Air.
Solucionario 2: The Compressed Air Solution. Problem: Energy storage when there is no sun or fuel. Answer: CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage). Use excess steam or electric power to run a compressor, filling underground caverns with high-pressure air. Release the air through a heated expansion valve to drive an air turbine.
Azura had a labyrinth of empty methane caverns beneath it. Elena connected a windmill (repaired from an old farm) to a compressor. All day, the wind pushed air down into the caves. At midnight, she opened the valve. The released air, mixed with a tiny squirt of heating oil, spun a second turbine. The hospital lights returned. Solution two: working.
Part 4: The Gas Ultimatum
On the fifth day, a storm damaged the windmill and clouds blocked the sun. The Council gave Elena one last chance.
She turned to the forbidden chapter: Gas.
Solucionario 3: The Biogas Solution. Problem: Organic waste + no external fuel. Answer: Anaerobic Digestion + Brayton Cycle. Collect sewage, food waste, and plant matter in a sealed tank. Bacteria produce methane gas. Burn that gas in a combustion turbine (gas turbine). Use exhaust heat to make more steam.
Elena held her nose and ordered every home to send their organic trash into the city’s old digesters. Within 24 hours, the gas began to flow. A small jet turbine, salvaged from an old hovercraft, roared to life. The main grid flickered, then stabilized.
Part 5: The Hybrid Solution
But Elena realized the true answer was not in any single chapter. She combined them:
She presented the final Solucionario Integrado to the Council.
“This is not one solution,” she said. “It is a portfolio. Steam for direct heat. Air for storage. Gas for baseline. Each covers the weakness of the other.”
The Council voted. Azura became the first city to run on tri-thermal energy.
Epilogue
A century later, students at the Azura Academy still learn Elena’s law:
No single source is perfect. But steam, air, and gas—water, wind, and waste—form a trinity that never fails.
And at the bottom of every exam, they write the same note:
Solucionario: Work in series, not alone.
Teacher’s / Engineer’s Note (The Real Solucionario):
Combined Cycle (The ultimate solution): Burn gas → run gas turbine → use exhaust to make steam → run steam turbine. This is how modern power plants exceed 60% efficiency. Elena’s story uses the same principle. Aquí "gas" se refiere a gases de combustión
El libro al que te refieres es " La producción de energía mediante vapor, aire o gas
" de los autores William H. Severns, Howard E. Degler y John C. Miles, publicado por la Editorial Reverté.
Aunque no existe un "solucionario" oficial único distribuido masivamente como un libro independiente por la editorial, puedes encontrar recursos y problemas resueltos relacionados de las siguientes formas:
Problemas Resueltos Específicos: Existe un documento titulado "
Problemas resueltos del libro: la producción de energía mediante el vapor de agua, el aire y los gases de W. H. Severns
" elaborado por Héctor Monzón Despang y Juan José Victoria en la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.
Contenido del Libro: La propia obra en su quinta edición incluye numerosos ejemplos y problemas, algunos de los cuales vienen acompañados de sus soluciones dentro del texto principal.
Plataformas de Estudio: Documentos con ejercicios resueltos y guías de estudio basadas en este texto suelen estar disponibles en sitios como Academia.edu o Scribd bajo términos de búsqueda de termodinámica técnica. El libro cubre temas fundamentales de termotecnia como: Principios de termodinámica y vapor de agua. Combustibles, combustión y generadores de vapor.
Compresión de aire, turbinas de gas y motores de combustión interna.
¿Estás buscando la solución de un problema específico o el PDF completo de alguno de los capítulos? ENERGÍA MEDIANTE VAPOR, AIRE o GAS - Ingebook