| Tool | Purpose | Approx. Cost | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | ddrescue (Linux) | Disk imaging | Free | | TestDisk / PhotoRec | Partition & file recovery | Free | | CH341A programmer | EEPROM / BIOS reading | $10 | | USB-TTL 3.3V adapter | Firmware terminal | $7 | | Torx screwdriver set (T3-T10) | Opening drives | $12 | | Head removal tool (plastic wedge) | Unlocking head ramp | $5 (DIY) | | Multimeter | PCB fuse & diode check | $15 | | Donor drive (same model) | PCB ROM or head donor | $30-50 |

This is the most common “easy repair” — the drive spins, Windows sees it but can’t read it.