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VaR is the maximum loss not exceeded with a given probability over a specific time horizon.

  • Historical Simulation VaR: Re-values the portfolio using historical actual market moves. Non-parametric (does not assume a distribution).
  • Monte Carlo Simulation: Generates random paths for risk factors based on specified stochastic processes. The most flexible but computationally expensive.
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    Bionic Turtle occasionally hosts live webinars where registered attendees receive a downloadable PDF of selected study notes for that session. These are 100% free and legal. Sign up for their mailing list to get notified.